SMRs: Powering NJ Progress

New Jersey, known for its dense population and significant industrial activity, faces increasing energy demands and environmental challenges. To help address the climate crisis, Governor Murphy set a goal for the state to reach 100% clean energy by 2035. This ambitious goal will lead to a greater dependence on intermittent energy sources (ex: wind, solar) and may cause higher electric bills for NJ residents. To avoid this, the state should invest in a clean, cost effective, and reliable energy technology: small modular reactors (SMRs).

SMRs are a type of nuclear reactor that are smaller than traditional nuclear reactors. They typically have a capacity of approximately 300 megawatts (MW) per unit, which is about one-third of the capacity of traditional reactors. Furthermore, SMRs are designed to be built in factories and transported to sites for installation, which can elicit reduced construction times, enhanced safety features, and flexibility in scaling energy production to match demand. The technology for SMRs is still primarily in the developmental stage; 80 models are being developed across 19 countries.

Unlike other renewable energy sources such as offshore wind and solar power, SMRs offer a consistent and reliable power output that is unaffected by weather conditions or time of day. Additionally, SMRs require less land than solar farms or wind turbine installations, making them an attractive option in densely populated states like New Jersey. A balanced energy strategy that incorporates SMRs into the existing energy grid will optimize reliability, sustainability, and economic benefits for the state.

One of the primary economic advantages of SMRs is their modular construction, which allows for cost-effective, scalable deployment. This approach reduces upfront capital investment and financial risk compared to the use of traditional, large-scale nuclear reactors. Additionally, the localized manufacturing, construction, and operation of SMRs can stimulate job creation and boost local economies. Research from the World Nuclear Association found that nuclear power provides about 25% more employment per unit of electricity in France and in the U.S. than wind power. By positioning itself as a hub for advanced nuclear technology, New Jersey can attract investments and foster innovation in the energy sector.

New Jersey’s existing nuclear power infrastructure, such as the decommissioned Oyster Creek site, provides potential locations for SMR deployment. These sites already have the necessary infrastructure and public acceptance, easing the transition to new nuclear technologies. Gaining public trust and acceptance is critical for the deployment of SMRs, which means transparently communicating about the safety features, environmental benefits, and economic advantages of SMRs to build public support.

While spearheading a new technology can be advantageous, it is important to analyze actual SMR implementation before committing, considering obstacles currently being faced in offshore wind technology. SMRs are projected to be operational in the U.S. in 2030. If this is the case, New Jersey should begin to study the implementation process now. New Jersey has been operating in a structural deficit and may face steep budget deficits in coming years. Investing in SMRs with limited knowledge of how they have operated in other states could pose great economic risk. If New Jersey studies the successes and challenges in other places, the state can look forward to a much smoother implementation.

As a 20-year-old college student, I’m concerned that the politicians of our state – and country – prioritize short-term gain over long-term prosperity. To ensure a high quality of life for my generation and those to come, we must address the climate crisis – without sacrificing our economy. Investing in SMRs is a powerful way to achieve this. SMRs will reduce our emissions and our dependence on nonrenewable resources while creating new job opportunities and driving economic growth. It will also showcase New Jersey’s commitment to technological innovation and energy independence, positioning the state as a leader. Deploying SMRs would be a lasting benefit to all current and future New Jerseyans.

Nathan is a member of GSI’s 2024 Summer Internship program and is a student at American University.